Gas Diffusion Layer With Integrated Seal for Use in a Fuel Cell

ABSTRACT

A membrane electrode assembly is provided for use in a fuel cell and utilizes an external manifold and seal structure which are molded directly to the gas diffusion layers. The integrated manifold and gas diffusion layers are formed as duplicate components which can be oriented 180 degrees offset to one another to create the MEA assembly with a catalyst coated membrane disposed therebetween. The integrated manifold and seal structures can be held together by heat pressing or other known connection techniques.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a gasket for a fuel cell and more particularly, to a gas diffusion layer having an integrated gasket with external manifold seal.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are well known. In a PEM fuel cell, hydrogen atoms are ionized in an anode, migrate through a specialized membrane as hydrogen cations (protons), and combine with oxygen anions at a cathode to form water. Electrons from the hydrogen flow from the anode through an external circuit to the cathode, thereby creating usable electricity.

Fuel cell assemblies comprise a plurality of individual fuel cells stacked together and connected in electrical series. Each individual fuel cell typically includes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including a special membrane and having a gas diffusion layer on each side thereof. The MEA is sandwiched between bipolar plates that include gas flow channels formed in the surface thereof. Each individual fuel cell requires a seal or gasket along all outer edges and around all openings to prevent leaking of reactant gases and coolant. It is known to use separate die-cut or molded rubber gaskets, installed between the plates during assembly of a fuel cell stack. However, a serious problem exists in locating the gaskets properly with respect to the openings to be sealed. A misaligned gasket can cause leaks, stack failure, and even broken bipolar plates. Further, using separate gaskets adds significantly to the overall time of stack assembly.

Most fuel cell stack designs have fuel manifolds on the outside of the plate that also require sealing. The present disclosure provides an MEA with integrated manifolds that are incorporated into the seal that is molded directly to the gas diffusion layers. Each gas diffusion layer has an integrated external manifold seal and is combined with another duplicate gas diffusion layer which is oriented 180 degrees offset and sandwiched around a membrane layer to create an MEA assembly with an integrated seal and manifolds.

Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an exemplary MEA assembly according to the principles of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the MEA assembly taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, an MEA assembly, according to the principles of the present invention, will now be described. The MEA assembly 10 includes a catalyst coated membrane 12 sandwiched between a pair of gas diffusion layers 14, 16 (best shown in FIG. 2). The gas diffusion layers 14, 16 are each provided with an integrated seal and manifold 18, 118 which are molded thereto. Each of the integrated seal and manifolds 18, 118 includes a plurality of manifold openings 20, 120 which are surrounded by one or more seal beads 22, 122.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the seal beads 22, 122 are provided on top and bottom of the integrated manifold and seal 18, 118. In the area of the manifold openings 20, 120 the seal beads 22, 122 have a thickness T. The portion of the integrated seal and manifold that surrounds the gas diffusion layers 14,16 are each provided within an opening 24, 124. The openings 24, 124 are surrounded by one or more seal beads 26, 126 that are provided only on a single side of the integrated manifold and seal 18. The thickness of the seal structure surrounding the opening 24 generally has a thickness of one-half T.

The integrated manifold and seals 18, 118 with the gas diffusion layers molded thereto are substantially identical to one another and can be orientated 180 degrees offset to one another to create the MEA 10 with the membrane 12 sandwiched between the gas diffusion layers 14, 16. In the MEA assembly 10, the seal beads 26, 126 of the two integrated manifold and seals 18, extend in opposite directions so as to be on opposite faces of the MEA assembly 10.

The membrane 12 is coated with catalyst material is known in the art and includes first and second opposite edge portions with each of the integrated manifold portions 20, 120 being disposed along the opposite first and second edge portions of the membrane 12. The first and second seal structures 18, 118 are fastened to one another by known fastening methods. Exemplary fastening methods include adhesives, heat staking, ultrasonic welding, or other known mechanical fastening techniques. In addition, alignment features can be utilized to properly align the integrated manifold and seal structures 18, 118 together. By way of example, the integrated manifold and seal structures 18, 118 each include a shoulder portion 30, 130 which are engaged by end edge portions 32, 132 to serve as engagement portions for aligning and engaging the integrated manifold and seal structures 18, 118 together.

It should be understood that although two manifold openings 20, 120 are shown provided in each of the integrated manifold and seal structures 18, 118 additional manifold openings can be provided such as providing a coolant manifold opening. In addition, appropriate communication passages can be provided in the bi-polar plates (not shown) to provide communication between the manifold openings 20 and the flow fields associated with each side of the catalyst coated membrane 12.

The design of the present disclosure provides the capability to produce an MEA with integrated manifold seals with a single molding tool for molding the seal on the gas diffusion layers. In addition, the alignment capability of the assembly is greatly improved because the bead-to-bead alignment of the manifold seals is a non-issue. In addition, with the MEA assembly of the present disclosure, the manifold seals are easily assembled between the bipolar plates due to the integrated structure with the gas diffusion layers. 

1. A membrane electrode assembly for use in a fuel cell, comprising: a first gas diffusion layer having a first seal structure molded to said first gas diffusion layer, said first seal structure having sealing beads surrounding said first gas diffusion layer only on a first side of said first seal structure and said first seal structure including a first integrated manifold having sealing beads disposed on said first side and a second side of said first seal structure; a second gas diffusion layer having a second seal structure molded to said second gas diffusion layer, said second seal structure having sealing beads surrounding said second gas diffusion layer only on a first side of said second seal structure and said second seal structure including a second integrated manifold having sealing beads disposed on said first side and a second side of said second seal structure; and a catalyst coated membrane sandwiched between said first and second gas diffusion layers such that said first sides of said first and second seal structures face away from one another, wherein said first integrated manifold and said second integrated manifold are laterally spaced from one another.
 2. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein said catalyst coated membrane includes first and second opposite edge portions wherein said first integrated manifold is disposed along said first edge portion and said second integrated manifold is disposed along said second edge portion.
 3. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein said first and second seal structures are fastened to one another.
 4. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein said first and second seal structures are heat pressed to one another.
 5. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein said first and second seal structures include alignment features for securing said first and second seal structures together.
 6. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein said first and second seal structures each include an engagement portion on said second side of said first and second seal structures surrounding said gas diffusion layer, said engagement portions of said first and second seal structures engaging each other.
 7. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein said first and second integrated manifolds each include a pair of manifold openings therein.
 8. A membrane electrode assembly for use in a fuel cell, comprising: a first gas diffusion layer having a first seal structure molded to said first gas diffusion layer, said first seal structure having sealing beads surrounding said first gas diffusion layer only on a first side of said first seal structure and said first seal structure including a first integrated manifold having sealing beads disposed on said first side and a second side of said first seal structure; a second gas diffusion layer having a second seal structure molded to said second gas diffusion layer, said second seal structure being substantially identical in shape to said first seal structure; and a catalyst coated membrane sandwiched between said first and second gas diffusion layers such that said first sides of said first and second seal structures face away from one another, wherein said first integrated manifold and said second integrated manifold are laterally spaced from one another.
 9. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 8, wherein said catalyst coated membrane includes first and second opposite edge portions wherein said first integrated manifold is disposed along said first edge portion and said second integrated manifold is disposed along said second edge portion.
 10. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 8, wherein said first and second seal structures are fastened to one another.
 11. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 8, wherein said first and second seal structures are heat pressed to one another.
 12. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 8, wherein said first and second seal structures include alignment features for securing said first and second seal structures together.
 13. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 8, wherein said first and second seal structures each include an engagement portion on said second side of said first and second seal structures surrounding said gas diffusion layer, said engagement portions of said first and second seal structures engaging each other.
 14. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 8, wherein said first and second integrated manifolds each include a pair of manifold openings therein. 